This theme will enable our academic staff in environmental management and resource economics to address questions of sustainability nationally and across the East African region. Climate change problems linked to unsustainable use of resources, particularly deforestation and other forms of land degradation have compromised food security, rendering rural livelihoods unsustainable. A focus on Land Degradation Neutrality, which seeks to halt land degradation and improve degraded land through land rehabilitation is a key aspect of this research theme. This dovetails with ‘Livelihoods, Poverty and Food Security’ research theme, where projects are specially focused on vulnerable communities challenged by the high levels of poverty.